Drama and Theater Essay

What is drama? What are the similarities and differences between Greek Drama, Renaissance Drama, Kabuki Drama, and Contemporary Drama? Drama is tension. In the context of a play in a theatre, tension often means that the audience is expecting something to happen between the characters on stage. Will they shoot each other? Will they finally confess their undying love for one another? Drama derived from the Greek verb dran, meaning â€Å" to act† or â€Å"to do†, refers to actions or deeds as they are performed in a theatrical setting for the benefit of a body of spectators. Drama is often combined with music and dance: the drama in opera is sung throughout; musicals include spoken dialogue and songs; and some forms of drama have regular musical accompaniment (Banham, 1998). Drama was the crowning glory of the Athenian Age. This period has been called by different terms. It has been called the Age of Pericles because Pericles was the ruling power in Athens at the time. It has been also called the Athenian Age because Athens became the white-hot literary center of Greece, and it has been called the Golden Age because the drama flourished during this period. There were three great tragic writers: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes, the greatest writer of comedy the world has ever produced ( Serrano & Lapid, 1987, p. 26) Drama and Theater The theatre of ancient Greece, or ancient Greek drama, is a theatrical culture that flourished in ancient Greece between c. 550 and c. 220 BCE. It is true that there is much in human nature that loves dramatic presentation, for man loves to imitate other persons. Gestures by a narrator or an orator may be considered dramatic, but these are only disjointed actions; there is a wide step between this and dramatic actions. The Greeks gave the drama as a literary form to the world. The drama of antiquity is very different from the drama as we now know it. It had dignity, nobility, and power. It had little of the spontaneity and easy naturalness of modern plays. The Greek drama was cut up into situations or episodes, and between these episodes were choral recitations of great length. These choral recitations, though they had beauty and power, slowed the action and interrupted the forward movement of the story. The choruses however, were visually attractive. The participants, competed with each other in the splendor of their dresses and the excellence of their singing and dancing (Serrano and Lapid, 1987, p. 26-27). Some example of the Greek drama were the Story of Agamemnon and Clytemnestra , by Aeschylus and The story of Oedipus The King by Sophocles (p. 28). Primary in a true appreciation of Renaissance drama is the poetry. The theatre of their day was a poetical one. Rather than being confused by the poetry we find in these plays, we need to understand why the poetical theatre was, and is, superior in expression and more powerful in emotion than a realistic one. Their stage was â€Å"conventional†or poetical while today’s stage is realistic. As an example, in Shakespeare’s Timon of Athens Timon is disgusted with mankind, hating all of the supposedly â€Å"decent† people he knows. When confronted by thieves he tells them to go about their work merrily; everyone steals, and he offers examples of thievery: I’ll example you with thievery: The sun’s a thief, and with his great attraction Robs the vast sea; the moon’s an arrant thief, And her pale fire she snatches from the sun; The sea’s a thief, whose liquid surge resolves The moon into salt tears; the earth’s a thief, That feeds and breeds by a composture stol’n From gen’ral excrement; each things’s a thief. (Timon of Athens 4. 3. 438-45). Kabuki, like other traditional forms of drama in Japan as well as in other cultures around the world, was (and sometimes still is) performed in full-day programs. Rather than attending a single play for 2–5 hours, as one might do in a modern Western-style theater, one would â€Å"escape† from the day-to-day world, devoting a full day to entertainment in the theater district. Though some plays, particularly the historical jidaimono, might go on for an entire day, most plays were shorter and would be arranged, in full or in part, alongside other plays in order to produce a full-day program. This was because it was required in kabuki play to get the audience showing different preference that is in either the history plays or domestic plays like a drama, to enjoy during the full-day program. Contemporary Drama was never very popular after World War I, drama in a realist style continued to dominate the commercial theatre, especially in the United States. Even there, however, psychological realism seemed to be the goal, and nonrealistic scenic and dramatic devices were employed to achieve this end. The plays of Arthur Miller and Tennessee Williams, for instance, use memory scenes, dream sequences, purely symbolic characters, projections, and the like. Even O’Neill’s later works-ostensibly realistic plays such as Long Day’s Journey into Night (produced 1956)-incorporate poetic dialogue and a carefully orchestrated background of sounds to soften the hard-edged realism. Scenery was almost always suggestive rather than realistic. European drama was not much influenced by psychological realism but was more concerned with plays of ideas, as evidenced in the works of the Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello, the French playwrights Jean Anouilh and Jean Giraudoux, and the Belgian playwright Michel de Ghelderode. In England in the 1950s John Osborne’s Look Back in Anger (1956) became a rallying point for the postwar â€Å"angry young men†; a Vietnam trilogy of the early 1970s, by the American playwright David Rabe, expressed the anger and frustration of many towards the war in Vietnam. Under he influence of Brecht, many postwar German playwrights wrote documentary dramas that, based on historical incidents, explored the moral obligations of individuals to themselves and to society. An example is The Deputy (1963), by Rolf Hochhuth, which deals with Pope Pius XII’s silence during World War II. The contemporary drama does not purport to be easy; it insists on a greater understanding of all things pertinent to modern humanity and its relationships to religion, societal order, psychology in order to appreciate its message; however, it critically acknowledges that most of us remain ignorant to all the former. Thus, the drama instructs, irritates, challenges, and begs for intelligence in order to gain from its message. It remains didactic, combined with pleasure, but always wishing to challenge the current notions of authority. References http://www. clt. astate. edu/wnarey/modern_contemporary_drama. htm Banham, Martin, (1998 ed. ). The Cambridge Guide to Theatre. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0521434378. Serrano, Josephine and Lapid, Milagros, (1987). English Communication Arts and Skills Through World Literature. Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Detective writers Essay

The dim-witted police (inspector Raglan) acted as Poirot’s sidekick. Inspector Raglan is the traditional dim-witted policeman who comes up with bad suggestions, however he is also Poirot’s right hand man. When Inspector Raglan was out of sight, Poirot claimed, â€Å"†¦that stupid inspector- for he is stupid-has everything pointing his way†. Poirot is saying that he is to stupid to see the evidence that is right in front of him and it shows you his dim-wittedness. M. Poirot had asked the inspector if he had checked all the evidence carefully, but when he was asked if he had overlooked â€Å"the quick or the dead† â€Å"The inspector looked bewildered† as if he was too stupid to understand.  Poirot had also asked if he had overlooked the fingerprints on the dagger, He had then mocked inspector Raglan by exclaiming, â€Å"It is an easy matter to verify†.  Poirot, the superior detective had come across a lot of evidence during the story, however the evidence was faulty and Poirot was intelligent enough to figure this out. During his inspection around Roger Ackroyd’s room, Poirot was told that the Grandfather chair had been moved since the departure of parker’s stay in the room, The doctor said it wasn’t important, however Poirot replied â€Å"It is completely unimportant†¦That is why it is so interesting†. Here Poirot is showing us his superior judgement. When Poirot was examining the body he was very observant and he automatically knew Mr Ackroyd did not commit suicide because of the positioning of Ackroyd’s hand, â€Å"the position of the prints was somewhat awkward†.  Poirot was the only one to spot that Mr Ackroyd was dictating a letter when Mr Raymond overheard him. Poirot knew he was dictated it from how he read it out, â€Å"Would any man use such a phrase in talking to another?† This shows us that Poirot has excellent observational skills and his intelligence. It was very surprising to know that it was Doctor Shepard who committed the murder because he seemed genuine, however it was more surprising to know that it was the murderer who was the narrator, that was a huge shock. Christie had gave us a very exciting twist which didn’t follow the traditional detective story, but gave us a very interesting ending. I think that this technique adds to the excitement of the story and also intrigues the reader much more. The surprise is that the trustworthy narrator is the murderer, you automatically assume he or she is the trustworthy distant bystander. The murder was set in King’s Abbot, a village â€Å"†¦very much like any other village†. The setting was a very unexpected place for a murder, there was nothing sinister about it, so it would be a very unusual place to have a murder, however it did intrigue the reader to know whom the murdering villager was. Although the setting seemed innocent Mr Roger Ackroyd seemed different. Poirot describes the average villager of being â€Å"a country squire† however he describes Mr Ackroyd of being â€Å"†¦an immensely successful†, a contrast between the average countryman and Mr Ackroyd. From reading ‘The Orient express’ and ‘the blue carbuncle’ you notice a huge contrast in the way the author presents his characters. When reading one of Agatha Christie’s novels you find out all the characters background information where as when you’re reading a Sir Doyle novel the back ground information is limited only if The superior detective decides to concentrate on a particular character.  Agatha Christie’s method had influenced other up and coming writers. Ruth Rendell is a more recent novelist who has manipulated detective Fiction, however she has kept the certain methods of what Agatha Christie had once used. ‘Burning End’ was very unusual to my detective genre perceptions. The story had felt peculiar to how I would perceive a detective fiction. I would perceive a detective story to contain Traditional elements, where as this one doesn’t even contain a detective. The story was a mystery, where by the reader was psychologically presuming whom the murderer was at the end of the story. It was basically an open ending for the reader to ponder upon. The story had contained a few traditional elements but not as you would assume their to be. The elements found were the perfect crime, the wrongly accused suspect, the surprise ending and the dim-witted police. Each one seems very doubtful because of the open ending, however passages in the story have made the situation controversial. The crime committed that we know no perfect to or any truth to have believed the matter to be insufficient, however if beliefs were told you would assume Linda to have committed the offence. Linda seemed very caring and had worried about the welfare of Betty. She would be her personal servant, however Betty had never shown any affection or appreciation to Linda’s hard working generosity, for example Betty’s son asks her â€Å"to come and live with them at the farm. Betty responded very differently from when she asked her†. This might have provoked Linda into uncaring motives. During the death the house that Betty was living in had naturally or unnaturally caught on fire while Betty was present. Ms Rendell gives suggestions on how it set on fire, however the likeliest possibility was that the Linda had intentionally new the house was going to be caught on fire and Linda would of used it as an attempt to dispose of Betty for her ungratefulness. Linda had discovered an unpredictable way of causing fire and found it quite astonishing. She discovered this method by noticing the paper near the vase had caught on fire, to her amazement she believed the vase had began a magnifying effect when exposed to sunlight, causing the paper to be magnified, in result to a fire. Linda had intended to move the vase for safety hazards, however Linda had felt hesitation, â€Å"It was a strange feeling she had†¦she would somehow have closed a door or missed a chance†. Linda doesn’t give reference to what she had missed a chance on, but the only explanation the reader can think of is that she has missed a chance on killing Betty in such an accidental way that to Linda it was the perfect crime. Then again it may not have been Linda. The wrongly accused might have been the doctor or even Linda. No one was literally accused, however the reader would have been suspicious on particular characters. The Doctor is the most controversial of my suspects, his remarks and attitude seem to emphasize that Betty should die early with her family â€Å"†¦best for the old folks to end their days at home whenever possible.† He seems to clarify that he wants her to die soon and â€Å"He made no comment on the cigarette† where as most doctors try to keep the patient healthy, this doctor doesn’t mind the usage of cigarette smoke around her as long as it speeds up the process. Near the end the doctor believes he had killed her, he claimed it was an accident, however if it was murder or manslaughter he didn’t feel any remorse. â€Å"I don’t feel a scrap of guilt, accidents will happen and there’s nothing you can do about it†. Any other sincere human being would have felt guilty if they knew they had caused a death, it seemed as if he intentialy left the cigarette their to cause the death. Although The Burning End doesn’t contain any dim-witted police, the story still contains a sense of dim wittedness. Like Agatha Christie, Ruth Rendell uses her dim witted police role in her characters. While Brian and Michael are suggesting why Linda is miserable, they come across the fact that she feels guilty. However they don’t realise she is upset because she might have literally killed Betty. Brian and Michael knew Linda was feeling guilty but they never took it into consideration that Linda could of caused the fire. The brothers are too dim witted to see that Linda was feeling guilty over the fact that Linda may have caused the death. Michael suggests that its â€Å"guilt† that is making Linda miserable. Brian responds to Michael’s theory by blasting back â€Å"What’s she got to be guilty about? She couldn’t have done more if she’d been Mum’s own daughter.'† This would of made the crime even more perfect if it was L inda. Detective Fiction has been changed and manipulated over the past century, from Sir Doyle to Ruth Rendell. Detective Fiction has changed with time and time has changed with Detective fiction. Since Sir Doyle detective fiction has introduced new excitements and has gradually manipulated the readers thoughts. Detective stories have changed so much, from having the superior detective as the centre point to having no detective at all. Agatha Christie was the one, who began manipulating Detective Fiction, although she had made a few adjustments, she still kept the concept. Agatha intended to use the ideas of past detective writers and present them in her own way  Ruth Rendell the most recent Detective writer of my studies is a prime example of how Detective fiction has changed. Ruth stories are in contrast with Sir Doyle’s because Ruth uses the ideas and manipulations of the recent Detective writers (Agatha Christie) and recapitulates them to create new means of excitement. This is an example of how Detective fiction has changed and will proceed in the future.

How is the music industry being affected by iTunes and similar Research Paper

How is the music industry being affected by iTunes and similar services - Research Paper Example This work "How is the music industry being affected by iTunes and similar services?" outlines how the introduction of iTunes, Amazon MP3, Napster, Zune Marketplace and Rhapsody have changed the music industry business. Instead of buying the whole CD just for one song people nowadays prefer buying their favorite single. Previously people were forced to buy the whole album of a particular artist or band on CD if they liked a particular song however now people have the choice of buying only the song they prefer instead of the whole album. This means that people save on their cost and can buy many more such singles instead of wasting their money on just a single album, whose songs they will hardly listen to except for that one song. Hence services like Amazon and iTunes allow people to choose amongst various songs from a plethora of songs in their database. With services such as iTunes, music has become increasingly accessible for the consumers. It is now very easy to transfer your favor ite song to your handheld device allowing you to listen to your favorite song on the go. Instead of going to the neighborhood’s music shop to buy the album that had your favorite song now you can just sit at home and buy your favorite song online. Artists who worked hard on making their whole album a success are at a disadvantage as others can easily steal their spotlight by introducing their one single hit and then disappearing into anonymity. This has led to a decline in the artists’ creativity.... This means that people save on their cost and can buy many more such singles instead of wasting their money on just a single album, whose songs they will hardly listen to except for that one song. Hence services like Amazon and iTunes allow people to choose amongst various songs from a plethora of songs in their database. With services such as iTunes, music has become increasingly accessible for the consumers. It is now very easy to transfer your favorite song to your handheld device allowing you to listen to your favorite song on the go. Instead of going to the neighborhood’s music shop to buy the album that had your favorite song now you can just sit at home and buy your favorite song online. Artists who worked hard on making their whole album a success are at a disadvantage as others can easily steal their spotlight by introducing their one single hit and then disappearing into anonymity. This has no doubt led to a decline in the artists’ creativity as we no longer s ee albums with all the songs that were a hit. On the other hand however, there has been an increase in the sale of individual songs because they are cheaper than the whole album. In fact by 2010, iTunes had sold 10,000,000,000 songs and the online music store is still going strong with consumers buying thousands of songs from the iTunes store every day. However the increase in sales does not add that much in revenue that it can offset the decline in revenue from the fall in sales of music CDs. In a study conducted by Elberse, she found out that for every one percent rise in the consumers who shift to buying music online there is a six percent drop in the sale of albums. Sales of a ‘mixed bundle’ (the album plus its single) fell from $15000 in 2005 to just $7000 in 2007 (a staggering

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING & DESIGN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INSTRUCTIONAL PLANNING & DESIGN - Essay Example ?ï Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã ¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸ ï Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸Ã¯ Å¸ Instructional Adequacy: The instructional adequacy component evaluates the extent to which instructional curriculum materials provide the necessary support for learning and meeting the instructional objectives. There are four areas of instructional adequacy that may be addressed: design, procedures, clarity, and efficiency. Use the table below to assess these

Take Home Exam for Com 100 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

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Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 9

Interview - Essay Example Jan Fitters is one of the managers of Philips Lighting. In this interview he has discussed his managerial styles, motivational ways, ethical problems etc. All of these things will be highlighted in this essay. The manager, Jan Fitter uses participative management style for managing his subordinates effectively. This is also known as democratic style which helps the manager in establishing consensuses and commitment among the employees. A large number of employees work under Jan Fitters. He is responsible for managing, encouraging and motivating the employees. For this reason the manager has created a good relationship with the employees for understanding them properly. He takes input from his subordinates for developing any business plans and decisions. He always encourages employees for participating in decision making processes. All of the subordinates of Jan Fitters work in teams. Therefore the participative management style used by this manager help the employees in doing their teamwork efficiently. This management style also increases employee involvement and participation in different functions and processes of the company. Jan Fitters improves the communication and co-ordination am ong the employees by using participative management style. These processes facilitate him in developing innovating and creative ideas which help the company in increasing its revenues and sales. While developing strategies the manager takes consent from the employees. By this way he makes the employees feel that they hold important positions in the company and the growth and development of the company cannot take place without their participation. The manager, Jan Fitters of Philips is very efficient in managing and using team projects. He first determines the objectives and the purposes of the team project for making the teamwork effective. He

Handwashing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Handwashing - Essay Example The level of the target audience also influences the teaching plan. There are varied formats of teaching plans, below is a formal teaching plan regarding environmental issues. The time allowed should be indicated in the plan. This facilitates management of time and ensuring maximum utilization of the allocated and extra time. The time factor is important in formulating the entire teaching plan. In creation of a realistic timeline of the plan the following strategic points should be considered. The list of required materials should include materials that should aid the teacher in explaining the topic. Materials to be used may include illustration charts showing graphical explanations about environmental issues affecting the community. Short films can also be used to explain through visual and audio recordings of the topic. The plan should include various categories of objectives. Behavioral objectives are the things the community or the targeted audience should be able to do at the end of the lesson(s).knowledge objectives includes what the community or students have learnt about environmental issues. The tutor should formulate a test to gauge the amount of information acquire by his/her audience. The objectives are guided by the following questions; The instructional component of the plan includes sequence of events that builds the environmental issues lesson. This includes the tutor’s own instructions about the topic under discussion. Introduction of this section can be through questions to gauge the understanding of the community about issues affecting the environment. The plan ought to include independent practices for the community to extend their skills in the environmental field of study. The practices may vary according to the demographics of the community’s setup. They may include practical lessons on preventing environmental degradations amongst other issues. The summary of the plan

Taking a geographic perspective, critically discuss the representation Essay

Taking a geographic perspective, critically discuss the representation of gender OR race OR sexualities Or exclusion in education and training in one news article that you have found - Essay Example In this connection, it unravels some of the geography’s main concepts namely; place, space, landscape and environment. Some of the key areas of future debates are also explored. This article reveals the under-representation of the women in the social and the technical subjects through the higher education in Britain, possible impediments and discouragement in the face of the feminist geography. Some of the outstanding impediments laid out include the masculine occupational nature of the courses, the nature of the very scientific inquiry and the general lack of the women role models and the networks. In a study to explore the various experiences of the students in the gender minority causes and some of the mixed economy college institutions, there were parallels identified between the males and female minority students in their learning process2. In vehicle engineering programs for instance, the students showed a satisfactory participation and well performance during the normal classwork. However, there were reported difficulties in the workshops where practical learning was required. Further probing into the possible causes of these variations in which case the female learners did not quite fair well during the workshops, the gender issues did not explicitly feature2. However, there was a concern for the intimidatory behavior and some of the gender stereotypes was seen as the factors contributing to the compromised female participation. In fact, the same gender tutors were at some points not seen as really important, even by the learners themselves. This brings in the whole que stion of gendering the space and place, and the role of the very place and space in the making of gender. This case of the work place, featuring the women at work and how the perceptions of the gender play a role, which transcends down to the making of the female identity2. As indeed evident in the report, the female

Criminal investigation Term Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Criminal investigation Term - Essay Example Despite the benefits of fire, the disadvantages include atmospheric pollution, hazard to living organisms, soil erosion, and water contamination among others. Fire can obliterate one’s house and the entire belongings within an hour or even destroy a large forest and thus, reducing it to a pile of cinders as well as charred wood. Owing to the magnitude of the effects of a fire, there is a need for a thorough analysis and enlightenment on the causes of such destructive fires, the burn indicators, fire setting, and mechanisms of initiating fire, establishing the motives of the arsonists as well as means of locating the suspects. One of the first steps in an arson investigation is to determine not only where the fire originated but also how it started. The importance of pin pointing the origin of the fire allows investigators to more accurately determine whether foul play was involved or if the fire simply started by accident. A certain level of heat and some type of combustible material, which will combust at a given temperature, is needed to create a fire (Swanson, Chamelin, Territo, & Taylor, 2009). If the fire is accidental it could have started for many reasons to include a faulty electrical system, negligent smokers who fall asleep or leave their cigarette burning unattended, and the ever popular space heaters that are normally electrically powered will create enough heat or short out, thus creating a fire. In addition, an accidental fire could occur due to spontaneous combustion. Take for example, linseed oil. This oil is normally purchased as a widely used stain and sealant and can be quite combustible. If in a concentrated form, on something as basic as a rag that was used for staining some furniture, the evaporation caused by the oxidation of the oil creates enough heat to spontaneously combust (William, 2003). This could happen over the course of a couple hours, days, or even weeks

Service Area Analysis for Beaumont Essay Example for Free

Service Area Analysis for Beaumont Essay Beaumont Health System is a three-hospital regional health system with more than 1,725 beds with additional facilities that include nursing homes, home healthcare agency, research institute, primary and specialty care clinics, rehabilitation, cardiology, and cancer centers. offers a wide-range of services and programs to our adult and pediatric patients which includes Ninety-one medical and surgical specialties are represented on the Beaumont medical staff of more than 3,700 Michigan physicians with numerous community based medical centers throughout Detroit, Oakland, Macomb, and Wayne counties. The service area for Beaumont Hospital is Oakland County which consists of cities, villages, and townships with a population of 1,202,362 people. Approximately 30% of Oakland Countys 483,698 households have children aged 18 years old or younger. Beaumont is the exclusive clinical teaching site for the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine. The system draws on a rich history of pioneering medical research to serve the health needs of southeastern Michigan and advance healing techniques nationwide. Education Level and Income Level The level of education of Oakland County as become a more educated county. 17.6 percent of the Oakland population in the year 2010 is a graduate of a professional degree. 24.6 percentage of people in Oakland county have a Bachelors Degree. 7.4 percent have an associates degree, and 21.3 percent have had some college but have no degree. Only 7.8 percent did not graduate high school. Which this number had decreased by 3 percent. While the number of people who have graduated with a professional degree or a bachelors degree have increased from 2000- 2010 by 4 percent. This census is from the population of people 25 and up. The median income for a household in the county was $61,907, and the median income for a family was $75,540 (these figures had risen to $62,308 and $79,589 respectively as of a 2009 estimate[8]). Males had a median income of $55,833 versus $35,890 for females. The per capita income for the county was $32,534. About 3.80% of families and 5.50% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.50% of those under age 18 and 6.50% of those age 65 or over. In the year 2000 the census for households with seniors was 96,585 in the year 2010 census the number of households with seniors was 116,768. that is a percentage change of 20.9 percent. The number of households with seniors who live alone age 65 and up in 2000 was 39,910, and in 2010 the number of households 65 and older living alone is 47,290 which is a percentage change of 18.5 percent. Those two categories are the largest changing over the 10 year span out of all other age groups. To be more specific of age and the change of population from the year 2000 census through the 2010 census. According to the SEMCOG projections for the year 2040 the majority increase in population is almost strictly people the age 65 and up. Disadvantages for Beaumont: Competition from urgent care centers. Faster wait times than the hospitals along with less costly medical bills Recruitment, continued training, and retention of talented healthcare professionals.it will be important to always make sure their employees are happy and taken care of because it is easier for certain professionals to move on to somewhere else Advantages for Beaumont: They are well known and trusted throughout the community offering a variety of services for all age groups. They keep up on technology, new information, new techniques in the health field to help give better quality of care. Possible merger with Henry Ford for financial stability during the healthcare reform Top Competitors for Beaumont Health System Competitors | Detroit Medical Center | Henry Ford Health System | University of Michigan Health System | Huron Valley-Sinai Hospital St. Joseph Hospital Crittenton Hospital Summary A majority of the people in Oakland County have a median age of 40.2 but according to SEMCOG this median should increase due to the increased population of people 65 and up. The people are primarily educated therefore capable of making good sensible quality decisions. The Target market would be a population of 65 and older.

Revenge Themes In Hamlet English Literature Essay

Revenge Themes In Hamlet English Literature Essay Hamlet is a tragic play by William Shakespeare that consists of numerous deaths. It is believed to have been written between the year 1599 and the year 1601. The play is set in Denmark and describes how Prince Hamlet demands revenge on his uncle Claudius for killing his father, who was the previous King, and then rising to the throne and getting hitched to Gertrude, who was Hamlets mother. The play intensely moves the course of real and contrived madness, from devastating grief to livid rage and looks at the themes of revenge, treachery, moral corruption and incest. Hamlet is among the most quoted literature works in the English language, and it is time and again included on the lists of some of the worlds greatest literature. In this regard, it echoes through the literature of the later centuries. One academic, Laurie Osborne, identified the direct control of Hamlet in copious narratives of modern times, and splits them into four main categories.   Ã‚   In this play these two characters Laertes and Hamlet both want to revenge their fathers deaths. Hamlet with his inert and devious approach at the end manages to kill his fathers murderer, who was his uncle Claudius. On the other hand Laertes with his straight and vigorous dedication kills his fathers killer, who was Prince Hamlet. Even though Laertes took a more direct approach than Hamlet not wasting time, they both accomplished their aim but at the eventual price of their lives! During the early 17th century, this Shakespeare play was renowned for its ghoul and vibrant dramatization of misery and lunacy, leading to a demonstration of mad aristocrats and ladies in Caroline and Jacobean drama. Although it stayed well-liked with mass audiences, the late 17th-century restitution critics viewed Hamlet as archaic and disapproved of its lack of modesty and unity. This view drastically changed during the 18th century, when critics considered Hamlet as a champion-a brilliant, pure, young man propelled into ill-fated circumstances. But by the mid-18th century, the advent of Gothic literature brought mystical and psychological readings, returning the Ghost and madness to the forefront. It was not until the late 18th century that performers and critics began to view Hamlet as inconsistent and confusing. These advancements represented an essential change in literary criticism that came to center more on character and less on the plot of the play. By the 19th century, the re were romantic critics who valued Hamlet for its inner, individual divergence that reflected the strong modern emphasis on inner struggles and internal character in general. Even then, critics began to concentrate on Hamlets delay as a character trait and not as a plot device. This focus on internal struggle and character persisted into the 20th century, when criticism split in several directions. Synopsis The central character of Hamlet is Denmarks Prince Hamlet, who is the son of the recently departed King Hamlet and his spouse, Queen Gertrude. During the time the young Hamlet is away at school the brother of the newly deceased King, Claudius, is nominated king and hurriedly marries Gertrude. The play begins on a cold night at the royal Danish castle. Francisco, who is one of the guards, is relieved of his watching duty by Bernardo, another guard, and goes away while Bernardo remains on stage. There after a third guard, Marcellus enters in the company of Horatio, who is Hamlets best friend. The guards notify Horatio that they have seen a spirit that resembles the departed King Hamlet. Once Hamlet heard of the appearance of the Ghost from Horatio, he decides to see the Ghost for himself. During that very night, the spirit comes out again. It guides Hamlet to a secluded place and discloses that it is the actual Ghost of his father and reveals that he, the senior Hamlet, was killed by Claudius who poured poison in his ear. The spirit demands the vengeance of his death. In the course of revenging his fathers death, Hamlet in one way or another caused the death of numerous innocent people. When Gertrude sent for Hamlet to her closet to demand an explanation for his recent behavior, Hamlet obliges. On his way to see Gertrude, Hamlet passed Claudius who was in prayer but vacillates to kill him, thinking that passing away in prayer would send him to heaven. On reaching the queen, a squabble erupts between Gertrude and Hamlet. Polonius, who was spying on the scene, panicked when it looked like Hamlet was about to kill the Queen and cried out for help. Hamlet, believed that it is Claudius who was hiding behind the arras and stabbed violently through the cloth, and instantly killing Polonius With the sad loss of her father, and also her recently lost relationship with Hamlet, Ophelia becomes mad. Her brother, Laertes wants revenge for the death of their father Polonius. Claudius suggests a fencing match that was to be between Hamlet and Laertes, because Hamlet was envious of Laertes expertise with a sword. Because Laertes was enraged at the slaying of his father, he informs the king that he would also poison the tip of his sword so that even a mere graze would mean certain demise. If that plan does not work, they would have a glass of wine containing poison that Hamlet would drink from. What can be learned from this is that the thought of revenge is healthy, but, actually going through with it by trying to murder a person who you have a bad connection with may not be a very good idea. The entire events took place mainly because of the slaying of Hamlets father ending up in a big tragedy because of the death of many others even more than the two who were concerned, Claudi us and his nephew Hamlet. Revenge is also demonstrated by Claudius after the death of his friend and most trust worthy chief counselor. Because Claudius feared for his life, he finally came up with a legitimate excuse to get rid of the prince, making plans to send Hamlet to England apparently on a diplomatic trip, and to be closely watched by Guildenstern and Rosencrantz. Alone, Claudius reveals that he is sending Hamlet to his demise. Afterwards a story spreads around that Hamlets ship was assailed by pirates on its way to England. Luckily King Claudius plan fails and Hamlet survives and goes back to Denmark. Claudius wanted to kill hamlet because he was a threat to him and also because he had killed Polonius. The lack of thinking that is used in executing the revenge was what led to the deaths Hamlet and of Laertes. This can be demonstrated when Laertes was planning with Claudius to kill Hamlet using the poisoned tipped sword. Strangely they had not thought that the sword could be used on them. Laertes having believed the Kings accusations that Hamlet had killed his father; he fought Hamlet and wounded him with the poisoned sword. Hamlet went on to wound Laertes with the same poison tipped sword, leading to his death. Hamlet had many opportunities to kill his uncle, but his wrath overshadowed his sound judgment; so he chose to wait until he could find the perfect chance, to smack him down into a world of everlasting damnation. Now might I do it pat, now he is prayingA villain kills my father; and for that, I, his sole son, do this same villain send to heaven?[Act 3, Scene 3, lines 74-98].   Hamlet waits until when he can slay his uncle while he is sinning but unluckily for Hamlet, his n ext chance to take revenge on Claudius is during his own death.   Revenge is also seen when the troupe of actors came to town. Because Hamlet was uncertain if the Ghost had told him the truth, he devised a way in which he could know for sure if his uncle is the one who killed his father. The entrance of a troupe of actors at Ellsinore presented him with a solution. He decided to stage a play that will re-enact his fathers murder so as to determine Claudiuss innocence or guilt by reading his reaction. People assembled at the court to watch the play; Hamlet provided a frantic running commentary throughout the play. When the murder scene is presented, which was a scene of king being killed; Claudius suddenly rose and left the room, which Hamlet sees as proof of his uncles guilt. Work cited Bradbrook M.C. Shakespeare: the poet in his world. Oxon: Methuen and Co. Ltd, 1978 Michael Innes, John Innes and Mackintosh Stewart. Hamlet, Revenge!. Cornwall: House of Stratus, 2001. Prosser, Eleanor. Hamlet revenge. California: Stanford university press, 1971 Rebecca, Dunn. Hamlet. Minnesota: Magic Wagon, 2009

My Educational Philosophy Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy To describe my educational philosophy, I needed to combine two philosophers into one making it my own. I plan to explain my philosophical view by discussing the purpose of public education in society. I felt that essentialism, popularized by William Bagley, and progressivism, led by John Dewey, best described my attitudes and views towards education. I feel the overall purpose of education is to teach students traditional academic subjects such as math, reading and writing, social studies, the sciences, music, art, computer science, health, and physical education. These classes are the foundation needed by students to survive in today’s society. However, I also believe that some students need activities that satisfy personal needs. Some stud...

In the Details :: Personal Narrative Writing Papers

In the Details I started taking a fiction class at just the right moment in my life. It was a genre I had never been good at, and had even been afraid of since that day J.C. laughed at my pathetic attempt to write a short story about a lesbian returning home to the South, only to be welcomed by a non-accepting mother, who all but condones it when a man rapes her to teach her how a woman is supposed to be. Of course, it was an awful story, but it was agony to write. The dialogue was so forced, as I tried to spell it the way I heard it in my head, tried to capture inflections and drawls and pauses. In the end, it read more like a cartoon, and no one could empathize with my character when she got drunk, got in his truck, and didn’t scream for help or fight him off. The plot was thin, none of the characters had any motivation, and the devices I tried to use were not working. I learned then that fiction had these elements for a reason. In order to craft a good story, I had to learn to use the tools. In essays and poetry, all these things had never seemed important to me. They were usually crafted because of an idea, and I could execute that idea without worrying about literary devices or symbolism, or other large concepts. My sole needs for my writing had always been voice, subtlety, and sometimes, alliteration. Fiction was much harder than I had previously thought. It wouldn’t be until the spring of 2001 that I would try my hand at it again. I decided that spring to take an introductory fiction class at a community college. By that time, I was actually making a living as a writer (albeit a technical writer), and I was comfortable in every other aspect of my writing, but I was still afraid of fiction. It must have come at just the right time for me. Within a week after I joined the class, I was downsized at the company I had worked at for two years. My whole department was just not needed anymore, although we were the only ones writing the training for new employees. So, with nothing but time in my day between Internet searches for new jobs and calls to recruiters, I began to write some stories.

Moisture Content Experiment

Date: 09-02-2013 Experiment 1(a) Laboratory determination of water (moisture) content of a soil sample by oven drying method Reference: ASTM D2216-98 Need and scope of the experiment: In almost all soil tests natural moisture content of the soil is to be determined. The knowledge of the natural moisture content is essential in all studies of soil mechanics. To sight a few, natural moisture content is used in determining the bearing capacity and settlement. The natural moisture content will give an idea of the state of soil in the field.Apparatus: 1. Containers (Tin or Aluminum) with lids. 2. Balance, sensitive to 0. 01gm 3. Oven with accurate temperature control at 110 + 5oC (230 + 9oF) Discussion: 1. Moisture Content (w) It is defined as â€Å"the ratio of the mass of the ‘pore’ or ‘free’ water in a given mass of material to the mass of the solid material†. w=MwMs? 100 Mw = Mass of water in grams Ms = Mass of solid particles in grams (i. e. oven drie d weight of soil) 2. Representative quantity of Test SpecimenThe minimum mass of moist material selected to be representative of the total sample shall be in accordance with the following: Maximum particle size (100% passing)| Standard Sieve Size| Recommended minimum mass of moist test specimen for water content reported to  ±0. 1%| Recommended minimum mass of moist test specimen for water content reported to  ±1%| 2 mm or less| No. 10| 20 g| 20 g| 4. 75 mm| No. 4| 100 g| 20 g| 9. 5 mm| 3/8-in. | 500 g| 50 g| 19. 0 mm| ? -in. | 2. 5 kg| 250 g| 37. 5 mm| 1? -in. | 10 kg| 1 kg| 75. 0 mm| 3-in. | 50 kg| 5 kg|NOTE-1If it is suspected that gypsum is present in the soil, the soil sample should not be subjected to a temperature beyond 80oC. Otherwise gypsum would lose its water of crystallization, thereby affecting the results of moisture content. Oven drying at 80oC may, however, be continued for a longer time in order to ensure complete evaporation of free water present in the sample . NOTE-2To assist the oven drying of large test samples, it is advisable to use containers having large surface area and break up the material into smaller aggregations.NOTE-3Since some dry materials may absorb moisture from moist specimens; the dried specimens should be removed before placing new wet soil samples in the oven. Procedure: 1. Take sufficient number. of empty, clean containers and mark them (if they are not marked) with an identifying number or code. 2. Weigh the container and record the weight as M1 to the nearest 0. 01gm. 3. Take representative sample from different depths (0. 25, 0. 5, 0. 75m) from the field. 4. Quickly place the representative sample of the wet soil in the container. . Immediately weigh the container with the wet soil sample to the nearest 0. 01 gm. Record the weight as M2. In case it is not feasible to determine the weight immediately, cover the container with a lid. 6. Place the container with the soil sample in the drying oven at constant temper ature of 110+5oC for 24 hours (till constant weight is achieved). 7. After 24 hours remove the container from oven and weigh to the nearest 0. 01 gm. Record the weight as M3. Calculations: Mass of empty container = M1=4. 71(g)Mass of empty container + wet soil = M2= 43. 88(g) Mass of container + dry soil = M3=37. 41(g) Mass of water = Mw = M2 – M3 = 6. 47(g) Mass of soil solids = Ms = M3 – M1 = 33. 24(g) Moisture Content = w=MwMs? 100=M2-M3M3-M1? 100 Soil Moisture Content Determination: 1| Depth ( )| | 2| Soil Description| | 3| Container No. | 143| 4| Mass of empty container (M1), g| 4. 71| 5| Mass of Container + Wet Soil (M2), g| 43. 88| 6| Mass of Container + dry Soil (M3), g| 37. 41| 7| Moisture Content w = (M2 – M3)/(M3 – M1) %| 19. 46 %| Comments: ) Oven drying is a time taking process and not much accurate as speedy moisture meter. 2) It needs caring for long time in order to get the good results. 3) It needs attentions in case if some other materia l like Gypsum is present in the soil. In such cases temp. should have to be controlled otherwise the material may react and loose its water of crystallization which effects the results. 4) Above value of moisture content lies in Normal moisture content range. 5) Date: 09-02-2013 Experiment 1(b) To determine moisture content of a soil sample by speedy moisture meter.Apparatus: 1. Speedy moisture meter (also called calcium carbide pressure moisture tester) 2. Built-in scale for weighing 3. Two 1. 25 inches (3. 175 cm) steel balls 4. Cleaning brush and cloth 5. Scoop for measuring calcium carbide reagent 6. Calcium carbide reagent Introduction: The calcium carbide gas moisture tester provides a quick and simple means of determining moisture content of soil. It is particularly useful for field determinations of moisture content in conjunction with field compaction testing.The basic premise of the calcium carbide gas moisture tester is that the free moisture in the soil reacts with calci um carbide reagent to form a gas called acetylene gas. CaC2+H2O>CaO+C2H2 The acetylene gas pressure developed within the tester is displayed on the pressure dial gauge, which is calibrated to read directly moisture content (in %) by wet mass of soil. Since moisture content by definition is expressed as a percentage of dry mass of soil, the readings obtained by speedy moisture meter are corrected using the following expression: w=wsp1-wsp? 00 Where w = moisture content in %. wsp= moisture content as obtained by speedy moisture meter expressed as decimal fraction Procedure: 1. Weigh a 26 gram soil sample on the tarred scale and place it in the cap of the tester. 2. Place three scoops (approximately 24 gm) of calcium carbide and two 1. 25 in (3. 175cm) steel balls in the larger chamber of the moisture tester. 3. With the pressure vessel in an approximately horizontal position, insert cap in the pressure vessel and seal it by tightening the clamp.Take care that no carbide comes in conta ct with the soil until a complete seal is achieved. 4. Raise the moisture tester to a vertical position so that the soil in the cap will fall into the pressure vessel. 5. Shake the instrument vigorously so that all soil lumps are broken to permit the calcium carbide to react with all available free moisture. The instrument should be shaken with a rotating motion so that the steel balls will not damage the instrument or cause soil particles to become embedded in the orifice leading to pressure diaphragm. 6.When the needle stops moving, read the dial while holding the instrument in a horizontal position at eye level. 7. Record the dial reading. 8. With the cap of the instrument pointed away from the operator, slowly release the gas pressure. Empty the pressure vessel and examine the material for lumps. If the sample is not completely pulverized, the test should be repeated using a new sample. 9. The dial reading is the percent of moisture by wet mass and must be converted to dry mass. Note: If the moisture content of the sample exceeds the limit of the pressure gauge 20 percent moisture), use half of the soil mass and double the dial reading. Other methods of determining moisture content quickly: Other methods of measuring moisture content quickly include measurements by stove method and by micro wave oven methods. ASTM D4959-07 is used for measuring by stove method and ASTM D4643-08 is used to measure moisture my micro wave method. Results and Comments: Zero Error of Dial Gauge = 0. 8 Dial Gauge Reading = 17. 6 Corrected Dial Gauge Reading = 16. 8 Wsp = 0. 68 W (Moisture Content) = 20. 19 % * Speedy Moisture meter give better and faster result than the ordinary oven drying. * In this method the water present in soil reacts with calcium carbide and results in acetylene gas which in turn gives the value of moisture content. * Speedy moisture meter method is an efficient method as it doesn’t involve too much time for its performance. It is used when tests a re performed in the field. * Moisture content effects the soil resistivity, soil compaction and soil shear strength.

Equality between Man and Women’s Controversy

Equality has been a controversial issue ever since time began. Whether it be race, sex, or religion, it has always been an unsettled topic of concern. Equality between men and women is often brought into society. I think men and women should be treated equal from all perspectives. Gender is what makes women different from men, but does not make women incapable of compiling valuable choices. Women and men have the ability to make decisions that will benefit all people in a fair way. As it is, men are most often oted into our government for their ability to make law abiding decisions. It is my personnel belief that women have the intelligence to do the same. The views of John and Abigail Adams, as well as Benjamin Rush, illustrate the different opinions regarding John and Abigail Adams have animosity relating to the subject of equality. My interpretation is that Abigail Adams believes that women should be recognized in the republican society. Abigail threatens a rebellion if herself and other women are not given he attention and care they so desire. She speaks of the neglect in education to the daughters whereas John thinks the sons are being deprived of education. John Adams plainly laughs at his wife†s remarks. He explains the turbulence that has broken out among governments everywhere, due to the absolute power of husbands over their wives. It is brought to me that John Adams believes, and will forever believe, in the absolute power of men in the republican society. Abigail Adams feels that women should have ore of an opportunity in the republican society. John Adams believes that the masculine system is fine as it is. According to Benjamin Rush, women†s education is extremely important. He believes that female education should be accommodated to the welfare of society, manner, and the government of the country. As I understand it, Rush wants women to be educated in these things so that they can intelligently instruct their children in the same way. He ensures that learning vocal music will make domestic life more soothing and ossibly easier. It will take away the distress of noisy children and a husband. Benjamin Rush looks highly upon novels and believes that reading them will make a young lady more of a humanitarian. He states that some men think of a woman that is educated in morals, physical and religious truth, is unfriendly to the domestic character of a women. He goes on to say that this statement is the prejudice of men with little minds. Primarily, Rush concludes that if females were better educated, they would be more useful in domestic life. Children would learn wisdom in all aspects if their mothers were better educated. Benjamin Rush is a smart man and I agree with a lot of his writing. Men and women should always be treated as equals. John and Abigail had a different opinion on that. She believed they should and he believed they shouldn†t. Rush believed that if women were educated on the same things as men, life all together would Equality has long been a major issue in society. As for myself, there is no reason that any one person should be treated better or worse than the next.

Outline And Evaluate The Working Memory Model

The working memory model is the part of the short term memory which is governed by the ‘central executive which monitors and coordinates the operation of the store systems; Phonological loop and visuo – spatial sketchpad. The phonological loop allows sounds to be stored for brief periods. The visuo spatial sketchpad allows visual and spatial information to be stored for brief periods. The two slave systems within the WMM are completely separate and can work individually.A piece of evidence which shows support for the slave systems being two separate systems within the WMM is the case of KF. He had a motorcycle accident and damaged his brain and memory, which therefore left him with no new memory, h couldn’t remember anything since the accident. When KF memory was assessed psychologists found out that he could remember things from sight using his visuo spatial sketch pad however he couldn’t remember things from ear using his phonological loop, this suggests that the slave systems must be separate.This research has weak reliability that the slave systems are separate this is because these findings were only found on one person and not a collective of people, therefore you can’t generalise findings from one person on everybody else, so this evidence on supply’s weak support for the WMM. A piece of research which shows support for the slave systems working independently to each other is psychologists carried out an experiment on two groups asking them to do specific tasks. Group one was asked to perform two visual tasks using only there visuo spatial sketch pad.The other group was asked to do a visual and verbal task using both slave systems. The psychologists found out that group 2 performed better this is because they don’t overload ne slave systems like the other group this suggests that both slave systems work independently and can become over capacitated. A criticism of this research method is that it was a lab e xperiment, and is low in ecological validity, which could have affected the results, as participants may feel under pressure with the lab setting.

The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky

The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky is a short story by Stephen Crane which was written in the late 1890s. The plot is simple, the story brief, and the characters complex. Crane articulately explores the slow disappearance of the American Frontier. The American West, in legend and in truth, played an essential role in chiseling the character of the American spirit and nationalism.The American West created the first truly free man. The European Frontier was nothing more than people recreating â€Å"Old World values and deferring to authority†. (Burns 37) The frontier in America had no law, no authority, and men lived by their wits.America thinks of it’s frontier as being within the country not at the edge. There is no line which separates the frontier from settled land. America’s frontier was transient and terrestrial. As Crane explores in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, the American West could not stay â€Å"wild† forever. As the West became a place where adventurous individuals wanted to be, it became a place of less adventure – modernized by the East. While the short story can have many of the major characteristics of a traditional western, the plot, environment, and the narration are strikingly different.Crane, in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†employs the setting, character development, names and narration to represent a time of change in the â€Å"West†. The plot events center around the Yellow Sky's The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky† is a short story by Stephen Crane which was written in the late 1890s. The plot is simple, the story brief, and the characters complex. Crane articulately explores the slow disappearance of the American Frontier. The American West, in legend and in truth, played an essential role in chiseling the character of the American spirit and nationalism.The American West created the first truly free man. The European Frontier was nothing more than people recreating â€Å" Old World values and deferring to authority†. (Burns 37) The frontier in America had no law, no authority, and men lived by their wits. America thinks of it’s frontier as being within the country not at the edge. There is no line which separates the frontier from settled land. America’s frontier was transient and terrestrial. As Crane explores in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, the American West could not stay â€Å"wild† forever.As the West became a place where adventurous individuals wanted to be, it became a place of less adventure – modernized by the East. While the short story can have many of the major characteristics of a traditional western, the plot, environment, and the narration are strikingly different. Crane, in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†employs the setting, character development, names and narration to represent a time of change in the â€Å"West†. The plot events center around the Yellow Sky's The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky† is a short story by Stephen Crane which was written in the late 1890s.The plot is simple, the story brief, and the characters complex. Crane articulately explores the slow disappearance of the American Frontier. The American West, in legend and in truth, played an essential role in chiseling the character of the American spirit and nationalism. The American West created the first truly free man. The European Frontier was nothing more than people recreating â€Å"Old World values and deferring to authority†. (Burns 37) The frontier in America had no law, no authority, and men lived by their wits.America thinks of it’s frontier as being within the country not at the edge. There is no line which separates the frontier from settled land. America’s frontier was transient and terrestrial. As Crane explores in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†, the American West could not stay â€Å"wild† forever. As the West became a p lace where adventurous individuals wanted to be, it became a place of less adventure – modernized by the East. While the short story can have many of the major characteristics of a traditional western, the plot, environment, and the narration are strikingly different.Crane, in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†employs the setting, character development, names and narration to represent a time of change in the â€Å"West†. The plot events center around the Yellow Sky's became a place of less adventure – modernized by the East. While the short story can have many of the major characteristics of a traditional western, the plot, environment, and the narration are strikingly different. Crane, in â€Å"The Bride Comes to Yellow Sky†employs the setting, character development, names and narration to represent a time of change in the â€Å"West†. The plot events center around the Yellow Sky's town Marshal, Jack Potter.He is a quiet man in his early fifties who has been a lawman for several years. He travels to San Antonio, unbeknown to his fellow citizens to get married to woman his own age. In his absence the town drunk, Scratchy Wilson, show up in town looking for a fight and when the Marshall is no where to be found, he takes his boredom out on the town. The general impression of Wilson is that he is not necessary a threat but more of a pest, who is usually handled by Marshall Potter (Burns 36). The Marshall and his new wife travel home, by train, and when they arrive in Yellow Sky they are unexpectedly met by Wilson.Wilson immediately demands a duel and waits for Marshall Potter to draw his weapon. To Wilson's surprise, Potter has no weapon and insists that his â€Å"games† must cease. An often overlooked aspect of Crane's writing his unique uses of names and labels as applied in his stories. â€Å"The Brides Comes to Yellow Sky† is no home, by train, and when they arrive in Yellow Sky they are unexpectedly met by Wilson. Wilson immediately demands a duel and waits for Marshall Potter to draw his weapon. To Wilson's surprise, Potter has no weapon and insists that his â€Å"games† must cease.An often overlooked aspect of Crane's writing his unique uses of names and labels as applied in his stories. â€Å"The Brides Comes to Yellow Sky† is no exception. A close examination of the names in this short story reveal humor, symbolism, and commentary on the destruction of the American Frontier. While Crane utilizes characters names to perpetuate his representation of the easternization of the West, it is also typical of Crane's parody on the â€Å"western†. The Marshall is given the name of Jack Potter which comparatively different from the real life legendary Marshals of the West – Wyatt Earp and Wild Bill (Tietz 94).Crane's choses this name to make a statement about the kind of man Jack Potter is. He is not unique or charismatic as the Marshals of years past, whos e personality was just as wild and unforgiving as the Frontier once was. Jack Potter is a generic name, like his new bride who was never given a name. The name Potter evokes the idea of a Potter's Field, where the nameless and poor are buried. Yet, Crane, in writing this parody, describes Potter as â€Å"a man known, liked, and feared in his corner, a prominent person† (92).Marshal Jack Potter's foil, Scratchy Wilson, is also equipped with a name which parody's the western as well as comments on the migration of the eastern culture into the west. Scratchy is seen wearing red, with boots, red face â€Å"flamed in a rage begot of whisky† (94). Crane has designed the Scratchy character to appear as the devil. Satan, in old texts, are often referred to as Scratch (Tietz 90). However, Crane chooses not to call him Scratch but Scratchy. This simple name change shifts the evil outlaw to a kid-like character.

Atmosphere and Fossil Fuel Inputs Essay

1. Weather and Climate. Discuss the concept of energy/mass conservation as it pertains to the climate system. Be sure to address each component of the climate system in your example and feel free to use multiple examples if necessary to address each component. 2. Facts and Fiction. Explain the figure below. Be sure to address the three key components discussed in class as well as the overall (net) anthropogenic impacts on global warming. 3. Atmospheric Composition & Structure. Draw a diagram labeling the five atmospheric layers discussed in class as well as the ozone layer. On your diagram, list the significance of each layer. 4. Atmospheric Circulation. Calculate the residence time of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere given the figure of the carbon cycle below. You can assume that the ocean, soil, vegetation and fossil fuel inputs together make the rate. 5. Ozone. Compare and contrast the two types of ozone depletion. Be sure to discuss the cause(s) of each, the impacts of each and the location of each at a minimum.

Eastman Kodak Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Eastman Kodak - Essay Example The ease with which digital images could be downloaded and shared therefore provided a completely new dimension to growth in this segment of the business. The higher level of adaptability by the consumers of digital imaging products therefore can offer new strategic choices to Kodak to further penetrate into its existing markets and also develop new markets with special focus on emerging markets. In order to achieve such growth, it is important that Kodak must develop efficient distribution channels in order to increase its reach to the customers. One of the key initiatives in this regard should be to develop online distribution channel through the dedicated website selling digital imaging products to the consumers directly. Historically, Kodak has relied on dealers and retailers to sell its products to the customers however, with increasing use of web, Kodak can develop an efficient portal to develop more efficient distribution channel. In order to achieve this growth, Kodak can act ually adapt different functional strategies including the development of better sales management force as well as developing better online strategies.

Size of financial sector Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Size of financial sector - Essay Example Moreover, profitability across all the financial sectors has improved except the insurance sector and it is anticipated to remain strong in the first quarter of the year 2015. Unfortunately, for the insurance and the building society the forecast suggests otherwise. The number of employment in the banking and insurance sector has decreased in comparison to other sectors while the training expenditure has risen. Department, I. M. F. M. C. M. (2014) suggests that this is a clear indication of the existence of shortage of skills and talents in the financial labor market. The financial sector has enormously grown over the last decades. Gloria (2015) illustrates that the parameters that measure these growths are: quantity of the financial market; the share of the GDP; wages; and employment. For instance, the economy of the UK has grown faster since the financial crisis of 2007/2008. It expanded by approximately by 1.9% in 2013. The growth is also attributed to the securitization in the financial market; intermediation of credit; and the subsectors of finance in the financial sector. On the other hand, the insurance sector has been steadily growing (at a steady pace). In addition, the growth is also evident in the increase in the financial claims and contracts such as bonds, stock, fund shares, and derivatives. Before the 200/2008 financial crisis, central banks use a simple modality that would effectively maintain and stabilize the inflation rate. However, in 2009 the interest rates were slashed to a level close to zero (zero lower bound). Jeucken’s (2001) notion indicates that below this benchmark would hav e been practical but wouldn’t have achieved the desired results. Central bank faced an uphill task of dealing with the increasing rate of unemployment as well as the collapse in the output. At some instances central banks have adopted the unconventional

How Can Impoverished Countries with Weak Formal Legal Systems Deal Essay

How Can Impoverished Countries with Weak Formal Legal Systems Deal with a Past of Mass Human Rights Atrocities - Essay Example However, the prevailing economic, legal and political frameworks in these countries are major impediments to achievement of justice especially on human rights atrocities. This paper explores ways in which impoverished countries can deal with past injustices, with particular focus on human rights atrocities. In attempts to deal with the past human right atrocities, the impoverished countries have undertaken a rather unusual approach of forgiveness instead of punishing the perpetrators. Other countries forgive many of the alleged perpetrators and imposing punishment on few individuals considered most culpable of the atrocities. This form of addressing past injustices of human rights atrocities referred as â€Å"restorative justice† has become the most popular mechanism for the last four decades especially in developing countries. Several countries including Sierra Leone, South Africa, Rwanda, Ghana and Central African Republic in Africa have embarked and concluded restorative ju stice to address the past atrocities. Other notable countries in Africa include Nigeria, Morocco (Lyn and Kimberly 2004:2). Similarly restorative justice process has been undertaken in developed countries such as Northern Ireland. Establishment of truth and reconciliation commissions is the most commonly applied method of dealing with the past injustices in Africa. ... These include international humanitarian law, international tribunals, non governmental organizations and foreign military intervention to overthrow the regime responsible for mass killings (Benomar, 1993). According to Beckman and Butte(2008: p2), â€Å"international law comprises of principles and rules that are universally applied in dealing with the conduct of states and of international organizations in their relations with one another and with private individuals, global companies and minority groups.† The International Criminal Court a permanent international tribunal is one of the universal judicial organs established under the international law to arbitrate on the most serious crimes against humanity. These crimes include genocide, war crimes, crimes against humanity and aggression (Beckman and Butte, 2008: p3). Most impoverished countries are normally in transition to democratic governance and emerging from conflicts, which cause widespread violations of human rights . The International Criminal Court through many subsidiary global committees on human rights examines all these crimes and determines which falls within its jurisdiction. The perpetrators who bear the greatest responsibility for crimes against humanity are charged in the International Criminal Court (Gary, 2000). Currently, several prominent persons in several sub-Saharan Africa accused of crimes against humanity are facing charges in the international court. Some of the countries in which the international court is arbitrating include Sudan, where the current president is wanted for committing crimes against humanity in Darfur, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Kenya for the post election violence in 2008. In addition, individuals accused of committing transitional

Interim Report for an action research Assignment

Interim Report for an action research - Assignment Example How does learning Arabic impact their education and life outcomes? The third purpose of the action research has to do with the ways that I can personally improve the process of teaching Arabic as a second language to students who are not native speakers of Arabic. The key data observation method is observation from the field, with my classroom as the field of observation, and my students and myself as the subjects of the study, relative to the learning and teaching of Arabic as a second language to non-native speakers. From the observations with another teacher of the Arabic language, Qassem, I am able to find out that there are several shortcomings at present with regard to the way we teach Arabic as a second language. These shortcomings are not failures in themselves, but are areas for improvement, derived from daily experience. These observations have led me to craft a new teaching method that I will call â€Å"correct me†. The details of that new and evolving teaching technique follow in the next section. The new technique hopefully is able to cover Arabic language learning in its various aspects: reading, speaking, writing and listening. The â€Å"Correct Me† teaching method is straightforward, but involves a keen interest in student learning, and an alert presence. At the heart of it is an intent listening and a willingness to give oneself to the students so that they may learn. This technique has two aspects. One aspect involves me making real-time corrections to student mistakes in speaking and writing Arabic. The technique involves an alert presence so that the teacher is able to spot mistakes. The second aspect involves students forming groups, and being present to one another as they converse and write in Arabic, correcting their peers as they make mistakes. For feedback, my intention is to survey students at the end of a class to find out how they find this new teaching technique: if they like it, if they are benefitting from it, and what

Principles of Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Economics - Essay Example Other significant feature of this market model is the presence of a great deal of non-price competition as control over price is limited by their mutual interdependence. This is one of the significant behaviors of oligopolies when it comes to their pricing strategy. To have a better understanding of this oligopolistic pricing behavior, we will adopt a game theory model and use the matrix illustrated below. FIGURE 1. GAME THEORY AND PRICING STRATEGY Applying game theories in pricing strategies work like what is shown in Figure 1. Supposed we have the two oligopolists, Firm 1 and Firm 2 and each can choose either a high or low price. Their payoff matrix shows that if both firms will choose a high price, each will make $6 million but if both decided to sell at a low price, each will make $4 million. However, if one of them chooses a high price and the other one chooses a low price, the low- priced firm will make $8 million but the high-priced firm will only make $2 million. So, they wil l end up charging the low price because it is the dominant strategy. Oligopolists who are independent compete with respect to price and this will result to lower prices and lower profits. Consumers will end up benefitting from this. On the other hand, the oligopolists are at disadvantage because they will experience lower profits than if they both had charged high price. To avoid the outcome lower profit, they would rather choose to collude than to establish price competitively or independently. But the positive effect of collusion on variety and quality more than compensates consumers for the negative effect of collusive prices, so that consumer surplus is larger with collusion (Pakes 2000, p.1). Collusion is a situation in which firms act together and in agreement to set price of the product and the output each firm will produce or determine the geographic area in which each firm will sell (McConnell and Brue 1993 p.224). It may be in an overt or covert form. The most comprehensiv e form of an overt collusion is the cartel which typically involves a written agreement with respect to both price and production. Cartels can control output by making sure that the market is shared among members and the agreed price is maintained in the market (Lande and Marvel 2008, par. 2). The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is one of the most successful oil cartel in the world. There are countries like United States where cartels are illegal and there is a strict enforcement of anti-trust laws (Danieljensenlaw.com par.2). So, in cases like this, oligopolists tend to collude implicitly This can be done through tacit collusion. â€Å"Tacit collusion† need not involve any â€Å"collusion† in the legal sense, and in particular need involve no communication between the parties. It is referred to as tacit collusion only because the outcome (in terms of prices set or quantities produced, for example) may well resemble that of explicit collusion or ev en of an official cartel. A better term from a legal perspective might be â€Å"tacit coordination† (Marc, Julliene and Rey 2003, p.4). This may be seen in form of a price leadership. In the theory of price leadership, the basic assumption is that the dominant firm- usually the largest or the most efficient firm in the industry- sets the price and allows the other firms to sell all they can at that price

Toyota - The Rise of a Global Corporation Essay

Toyota - The Rise of a Global Corporation - Essay Example In this paper provides the answers to five questions of the case study Toyota: The Rise of a Global Corporation. 1. Toyota after the 1950’s when its production began to increase that it could not afford to follow the American model of manufacturing most parts in-house. The firm did not like the American model because it created numerous inefficiencies. Toyota decided that to follow a model of outsourcing work and keeping close relationships with its suppliers. Among the inefficiencies that Toyota identified from the American model that the company could avoid by outsourcing are: 1) high capital expenditures need to increase the manufacturing capacity to create components and parts, 2) reduce the risk by maintaining low manufacturing capacity in case of a slump in auto sales, 3) Ability to take advantage of lower labor costs of small firms (Hill, 2007). The company created the tight relationship with its suppliers. The company when a step further by investing between 20% to 40% stake in the operations of many of its suppliers. This allowed to company to work in alliance with the suppliers and implement its Kaban system with the suppliers to share information and minimize inventory stocks. The company practically eliminated the need for a buffer inventory count. Outsourcing in the 21st century has become a vital strategy in order to take full advantage of the globalization movement (Kotler, 2002) Some of the drawbacks of the system were the need to invest money in other companies. Another drawback of the system is that buying auto parts ends up raising the cost of the vehicle since the parts themselves is a cheaper alternative. 2. In 1981 the United States government put a strain on the capacity of Japanese auto manufacturers to import autos by establishing a voluntary import quota. The quota places a limit on the amount of auto import that could enter the US market. The agreement the Japanese government entered into limited the number of Japanese auto imports to 1,680,000 units per year (Copper, 2009)Â  

Supply Chain Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain Management - Essay Example As per the franchise agreement, the Corporation owns most properties where McDonald's is located. The UK business model is different, in that fewer than 30% of restaurants are franchised, with the majority under the ownership of the company. McDonald's trains its franchisees and others at Hamburger University in Oak Brook, Illinois. Nearly one in eight workers in the US has worked with McDonald's at one point in their lives. [1] Eric Schlosser's. McDonald's is also the largest private operator of playgrounds in the country, apart from being the single biggest purchaser of pork, beef, potatoes, and apples. The meats that the company deploys vary with the culture of the country. McDonald's is unique in several ways to its competitors as regards the way it runs its business. It has not always been smooth sailing though, for the most famous fast food joint in the world. McDonald's has been targeted by criticism for allegations of manipulation of entry-level workers, , ecological damage generated by industrial processing of its products, selling far from healthy food, producing packaging waste, exploitative and controversial advertising and partaking in the suffering of livestock. McDonald's' tendency towards promoting high-calorie foods like French fries has not helped either. Also, several McDonald's restaurants are alleged to have used substitute meats, like wildebeest and horse. While these allegations are serious, some argue that it is simply paying the price for being famous. McDonald's Food supply chain McDonald's puts food safety at the very top of their agenda. This is not surprising for a company that does billions of sales revenue annually. This kind of ethics promotes good business as well. At the heart of the McDonald's operation is a quality assurance and supplier food safety programs and is seen as top corporate priority. Suppliers and franchisees have to follow meticulous quality and safety guidelines if they want to sustain their association with McDonald's. It is a high-profile business whose success is founded on good customer experience. Thus, setting clear food safety and quality expectations is the best way to make the business work. [2] Sarah Fister Gale "Food safety is a never-ending process for McDonald's, from raw materials, through the facilities and distribution centers, and all the way to the restaurants. It's a top priority at McDonald's. It's a fundamental standard of our business and our heritage, and will never be compromised." - Lamont Rumbers, director of quality systems for McDonald's USA. [2] For sandwich buns alone McDonald's has tie-ups with more than 20 bakeries all

Creation of American Tradition Essay Example for Free

Creation of American Tradition Essay Folklore was first utilized by William Thoms, an English antiquarian in 1846, which is defined as a body of expressive culture such as music, tales, dance, oral history, legends, customs, traditions, rituals, popular beliefs, jokes and many more within a specific population comprising the traditions of the culture, group or sub-culture (Georges, 1995). Traditions are standards or principle revered and followed by people from generation to generation which come from a Latin word traditio meaning to’ hand over’ or to ‘hand down’, and is utilized in many ways in the English Language such as customs or beliefs educated by one generation to the other which is often orally, a complex movement in religion composed of church bodies or religious denominations which have common customs, history, culture like in Islam’s Sufi tradition, and lastly, or a set of practices or customs like Christmas traditions ad the likes. Tradition is also defined as a custom, or a practice that is remembered and transferred down from one generation to the other generation and is initially without the necessity for a writing system. Traditions are mostly primeval, deeply essential, and unchangeable, but it may sometimes less normal than is expected, and some traditions were forcibly made for one or another which is often to enhance a certain institution’s importance, and it is also said to be or may also be changed to go with the necessity for the day, and can become accepted as an ancient tradition’s part. Some traditions disappear while some are altered or changed to suit to what is acceptable. Tradition could be conceptualized as repetition across space as well as time (Bronner, 2002). Appropriate to the emergence of a genuine, renewable folklore, the feature of space allowed for an oral tradition that had moved across the landscape, even in one generation, rather than having persisted through many (Bronner, 2002). Rituals are a set of actions which is often thought to have a symbolic value and the routine of which is commonly prescribed by traditions or by a religion of a community by political or religious laws. Rituals may be done on specific occasions, or on regular intervals, or at the judgment of communities or individuals which may be performed by a group, a single individual, or by the whole community in places specially allocated for it such as in private or in public, or before specific persons. Rituals purpose varies and they include satisfaction of emotional or spiritual need of the practitioner, compliance with religious ideals or obligations, strengthening of social bonds, stating one’s affiliation, demonstration of submission or respect, having approval or acceptance for some event, or for the pleasure on the ritual. Rituals are of many kinds and are always a feature of all human societies, including activities that are performed for solid purposes, or even saying hi or hello or hand-shaking. Systems of myth, rituals, feast, sacred customs, games, songs, tales, exist in such profusion that volumes would be required to contain the lore of each separate tribe (Bronner, 2002). As the verbal form used for naming these rituals suggest, which could be translated as the action of the heart, these rituals aim to acquire enhancement in the perception capacities attributed to this organ in order to confront life’s challenges. The most widely distributed rituals mark basic and irreversible turning points in life common to men everywhere. Without distinction of race or creed people everywhere are born, grow maturity, and eventually die. So universally we find birth and naming rituals, rituals marking the attainment of adulthood, weddings and funerals. Here, put at its simplest, we can see the rituals oils the wheels of life as the individual moves through the human life cycle from the cradle to grave (Lewis, 2003). References Bronner, S. J. (2002). FolkNation: Folklore In the Creation of American Tradition. New York: Rowman Littlefield. Georges, R. A. , Jones, M. O. (1995). Folkloristics: An Introduction. New York: Indiana University Press. Lewis, I. M. (2003). Social Cultural Anthropology in Perspective. New York: Transactions Publishers.

Ethical And Socially Responsible Business Practice Management Essay

Ethical And Socially Responsible Business Practice Management Essay Around the world organizations are being forced to struggle to meet the requirements of the existing generation without compromising the facilities of the succeeding generations to come across their own needs. Organizations are requested to take responsibility for the actions their conduct influence humanities and the natural environment. Additionally, they are being requested to implement sustainability principles to the habits in which they do their business. Sustainability in the organization refers to voluntary activities that exhibit the presence of public and ecological concerns in business actions and in connections with stakeholders. It is no further acceptable for an organization to practise economic success in separation from those which are impacted by its actions. An organization should now emphasize its attention on both maintaining its profits and being a good corporate citizen. Organizations have been forced to restructure their frameworks, rules and business models to provide both private and public benefits while keeping well-informed of global trends and remaining devoted to financial duties. To understand and improve existing efforts, the most socially responsible organizations carry on revising their short-term and long-term plans, to stay ahead of rapidly changing challenges. Although it is easier said but in reality the implementation is challenging and limited in scope, however, there are benefits to the organization. This piece of work will give an outline of the challenges, limitations that a business encounters and the strengths that are derived from their ethical and socially responsible business practice. Employees work excessive overtime, in some cases seven days a week, and live in crowded dorms. Some say they stand so long that their legs swell until they can hardly walk. More troubling, the groups say, is some suppliers disregard for workers health. Two years ago, 137 workers at an Apple supplier in eastern China were injured after they were ordered to use a poisonous chemical to clean  iPhone screens. Within seven months last year, two explosions at iPad factories, including in Chengdu, killed four people and injured 77. Duhigg Barboza. The New York Times (2012).  In China, Human Costs Are Built Into an iPad.   Organizations, here for instance Apple Inc., to escape from their unethical and embarrassing situation to entail them to additional costs in order to decrease the excessive hours of labour. For example, a decrease in the regular working hours from the existing sixty to seventy hours per week to forty-eight hours per week would demand in the region of more than 30 per cent upsurge in the labour force to sustain the existing rate of productivity. In order to provide accommodations for the increase in labour force the factory would be required to build extra related infrastructure, such as kitchenettes, security guards, healthcare policies and transportation facilities. The initial capital investment has to be quite generous to rapidly amend all the situations at hand. The labour force, usually in developing countries, do not prefer less overtime hours because it sinks their earnings. Factory owners love to keep regular wages as low as possible so as to incentivize workers toward overtime work. Considering the point of view of the factor owner or organizations, such as Apple Inc., the actual cost is the average wage per hour and the difference between fixed and overtime wage rates is a scheme to make the labour force work more hours. The issues surrounding well-being and safety relating to production facilities are also rooted in the principal manufacturing scheme and occur for reasons that are similar to wages and working hours. The improvements to the physical conditions to the factory would include improved air filtration arrangement, better tangible work assets and the establishment of safety equipment would entail to non-productive capital factory area and result in the rise of operating expenses without proportionate rise in the quantity of units manufactured per any measures of productive efficiencies. From Apples viewpoint, the disputes of the labour force earnings and working environment has been the needless interference that must be minimized before the strong and determined displeasure of Apples customers, stockholders and regulators who are their three main body of voters. To abide by with higher standards of social responsibility, organizations have undertaken inspection on the firms they employed in their supply chain. Differences between authentic and audit results do exist. For example, at Foxconn after the heart-breaking events of workers suicide, Apple inspected the working condition of those related factories. Its enquiry report demonstrated no problems of worker overtime and no child labour. Ironically, after the assurance of good working conditions in the enquiry report, the suicide incidents have continued. The difficulty in auditing is that the firm can hide the faults and workers can hide the truth out of fear. When becoming involved in ethical business practices, developing consumer scepticism limits the business progress. They are doubtful about the true incentive behind the practices and are not easily influenced that a business is acting in the benefits of the community. Another significant limitation that results from business practices is that it can negatively affect business profits. How can a business defend expenditure on activities that offer no returns for the business? Unethical practices will cause a bad reputation which in effect will result in falling stock prices. Organizations that maintain high ethical principles are provided with legal and financial incentives by regulatory bodies. Facing mounting criticism, factories have made significant changes, but bigger steps are ahead for electronics supplier. Foxconn,  Apples top manufacturer, has improved safety conditions and cut working hours in an effort to resolve violations at its plants that triggered a global scandal for the iPad and iPhone maker. The FLA said Foxconn had made significant improvements such as introducing more breaks and better maintenance of safety equipment. The company more than doubled wages after protests from worker groups and is backing a local law adjustment that will extend unemployment insurance. Dominic Rushe. The Guardian (2012).  Apple manufacturer Foxconn improves on Chinese workers hours and safety. Evaluating the above reference it is observed that Apple realized the bigger picture. In general and in accordance to the reference, a number of strengths can be derived in advantage to Apple and organizations. Ethical business practices can provide a distinction of an organization from its competition. Whether an organization is affiliating with non-profit organizations, offering employee benefits, maintaining environment friendly policies these practices will improve your companys internal atmosphere and industry connections. All these aspects will develop the organization reputation and build a long-term strategy for success. As the organization grows a reputation for ethical business practices, the customers will begin to consider the business as trustworthy and morally honest. The confidence your customers sense for the organization is an essential element in developing long-term customer relationships and brand loyalty provided your business provided quality products. These passionate customers will talk to their related people and positively create more brand loyal customers. Brand loyal customers are a good medium of advertising helping organizations to become profitable and successful. Ethical and socially responsible business practices towards the organizations employees such as providing being working environment and incentives will lead to efficiency and productivity. The productivity of employees increases with good ethical practices existing in an organization. People regard ethics, social responsibility and business ethics in terms of administrative defiance with legal principles and observance to internal regulations. In order to achieve success many organizations believe that they must earn the respect and assurance of their customers. Organizations are being questioned, encouraged and pushed to improve their business practices to put emphasis on legal and ethical conduct. Companies, professional firms and individuals are being held more and more responsible for their engagements, as demand grows for higher principles of corporate social responsibility. Business will be obstructed by challenges and limitations but it will require a lot of patience, encouragement and money to gain the benefits from their ethical and socially responsible practices. 1347 words